Research papers that support the present guideline recommendations:
Babcock, L., Byczkowski, T., Wade, S. L., Ho, M., & Bazarian, J. J. (2013). Inability of S100B to predict postconcussion syndrome in children who present to the emergency department with mild traumatic brain injury: A brief report. Pediatric Emergency Care, 29(4), 458–461. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e31828a202d
Bazarian, J. J., Blyth, B. J., He, H., Mookerjee, S., Jones, C., Kiechle, K., … Khan, J. (2013). Classification Accuracy of Serum Apo A-I and S100B for the Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Prediction of Abnormal Initial Head Computed Tomography Scan. Journal of Neurotrauma, 30(20), 1747–1754. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.2853
Białuńska, A., & Salvatore, A. P. (2017). The auditory comprehension changes over time after sport-related concussion can indicate multisensory processing dysfunctions. Brain and Behavior, 7(12), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.874
Broglio, S. P., Williams, R., Lapointe, A., Rettmann, A., Moore, B., Meehan, S. K., & Eckner, J. T. (2017). Brain network activation technology does not assist with concussion diagnosis and return to play in football athletes. Frontiers in Neurology, 8(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00252
Delefortrie, Q., Lejeune, F., Kerzmann, B., Levy, R., Adam, J. F., Sottiaux, T., … Hachimi-Idrissi, S. (2018). Evaluation of the Roche® Elecsys and the Diasorin® Liaison S100 kits in the management of mild head injury in the emergency room. Clinical Biochemistry, 52(November 2017), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.11.004
Kraus, N., Thompson, E. C., Krizman, J., Cook, K., White-Schwoch, T., & LaBella, C. R. (2016). Auditory biological marker of concussion in children. Scientific Reports, 6(August), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39009
Little, C. E., Emery, C., Scott, S. H., Meeuwisse, W., Palacios-Derflingher, L., & Dukelow, S. P. (2016). Do children and adolescent ice hockey players with and without a history of concussion differ in robotic testing of sensory, motor and cognitive function? Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-0195-9
Lugones, M., Parkin, G., Bjelosevic, S., Takagi, M., Clarke, C., Anderson, V., & Ignjatovic, V. (2018). Blood biomarkers in paediatric mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 87(January), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.006
Manzano, S., Holzinger, I. B., Kellenberger, C. J., Lacroix, L., Klima-Lange, D., Hersberger, M., … Staubli, G. (2016). Diagnostic performance of S100B protein serum measurement in detecting intracranial injury in children with mild head trauma. Emergency Medicine Journal, 33(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2014-204513
Meier, T. B., Nelson, L. D., Huber, D. L., Bazarian, J. J., Hayes, R. L., & McCrea, M. A. (2017). Prospective Assessment of Acute Blood Markers of Brain Injury in Sport-Related Concussion. Journal of Neurotrauma, 1, neu.2017.5046. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5046
Munia, T. T. K., Haider, A., Schneider, C., Romanick, M., & Fazel-Rezai, R. (2017). A Novel EEG Based Spectral Analysis of Persistent Brain Function Alteration in Athletes with Concussion History. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17414-x
Oris, C., Pereira, B., Durif, J., Simon-Pimmel, J., Castellani, C., Manzano, S., … Bouvier, D. (2018). The biomarker s100b and mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 141(6). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-0037
Papa, L., Mittal, M. K., Ramirez, J., Ramia, M., Kirby, S., Silvestri, S., … Zonfrillo, M. R. (2016). In Children and Youth with Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Out-Performs S100β in Detecting Traumatic Intracranial Lesions on Computed Tomography. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.3869
Papa, L., Mittal, M. K., Ramirez, J., Silvestri, S., Giordano, P., Braga, C. F., … Zonfrillo, M. R. (2017). Neuronal Biomarker Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase Detects Traumatic Intracranial Lesions on Computed Tomography in Children and Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 34(13), 2132–2140. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4806
Papa, L., Zonfrillo, M. R., Welch, R. D., Lewis, L. M., Braga, C. F., Tan, C. N., … Mittal, M. K. (2019). Evaluating glial and neuronal blood biomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 as gradients of brain injury in concussive, subconcussive and non-concussive trauma: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 3(1), e000473. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000473
Parkin, G. M., Clarke, C., Takagi, M., Hearps, S., Babl, F. E., Davis, G. A., … Ignjatovic, V. (2019). Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Is a Predictor of Persisting Symptoms Post-Concussion in Children. Journal of Neurotrauma, 36(11), 1768–1775. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6042
Reches, A., Kutcher, J., Elbin, R. J., Or-Ly, H., Sadeh, B., Greer, J., … Kontos, A. P. (2017). Preliminary investigation of Brain Network Activation (BNA) and its clinical utility in sport-related concussion. Brain Injury, 31(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2016.1231343
Rhine, T., Babcock, L., Zhang, N., Leach, J., & Wade, S. L. (2016). Are UCH-L1 and GFAP promising biomarkers for children with mild traumatic brain injury? Brain Injury, 30(10), 1231–1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2016.1178396
Studer, M., Goeggel Simonetti, B., Heinks, T., Steinlin, M., Leichtle, A., Berger, S., & Joeris, A. (2015). Acute S100B in serum is associated with cognitive symptoms and memory performance 4 months after paediatric mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 29(13–14), 1667–1673. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2015.1075250
Tylicka, M., Matuszczak, E., Dȩbek, W., Hermanowicz, A., & Ostrowska, H. (2014). Circulating proteasome activity following mild head injury in children. Child’s Nervous System, 30(7), 1191–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-014-2409-4
Last update: November 16, 2019